Lymphoma

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Primary central nervous system lymphomas arise from the white blood cells, part of the body's immune system. They are more common in the elderly, but can occur in younger people, particularly in those whose have compromised immune systems (related to medications or diseases such as HIV). They tend to produce multiple tumours which are often seen adjacent to the ventricles deep in the brain.

CNS lymphoma may cause a variety of symptoms, including headaches, seizures, weakness, memory impairment, and disturbed speech.

They are treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, but a biopsy is generally needed to confirm the diagnosis. Surgical removal does not have a role in their treatment.

Like cerebral metastases, they are not curable, but modern treatment can make a big difference to the length and quality of life.